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SAT機(jī)考閱讀的解題策略--雙篇關(guān)系

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2023/10/07 11:14:34

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今天小編給大家?guī)淼氖?strong>SAT閱讀雙篇的解題策略，SAT變身機(jī)考后，整體可謂是大變革，歷史文獻(xiàn)和長(zhǎng)文章都退出了歷史舞臺(tái)，但SAT出題方似乎對(duì)雙篇情有獨(dú)鐘，雙長(zhǎng)篇變成雙短篇保留了下來，對(duì)學(xué)生相關(guān)技能的考查則是萬變不離其宗。

機(jī)考雙篇題目前主要有三種問法：

1.兩篇文章的相同點(diǎn)(題干關(guān)鍵詞：both texts, most likely agree)

2.兩篇文章的不同點(diǎn)(題干關(guān)鍵詞：difference)

3.回應(yīng)題(題干關(guān)鍵詞：respond)

我們先來看第一種問法：找相同點(diǎn)。此題型難度系數(shù)較低，它的問法基本是都是 both texts would most likely agree 這種形式的，既然是兩篇文章都同意的內(nèi)容，那正確選項(xiàng)一定能在兩篇文章都找到對(duì)應(yīng)。

做題方法為：先看其中一篇，排除掉壓根沒提到的人或物。一般至少能排除掉兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。再看另一篇，繼續(xù)排除。最終勝出的就是答案。

例：

Text 1

In 1916, H. Dugdale Sykes disputed claims that The Two Noble Kinsmen was coauthored by William Shakespeare andJohn Fletcher. Sykes felt Fletcher’s contributions to the play were obvious—Fletcher had a distinct style in his other plays, so much so that lines with that style were considered sufficient evidence of Fletcher’s authorship. But for the lines not deemed to be by Fletcher, Sykes felt that their depiction of women indicated that their author was not Shakespeare butPhilip Massinger.

Text 2

Scholars have accepted The Two Noble Kinsmen as coauthored by Shakespeare since the 1970s: it appears in all major one-volume editions of Shakespeare’s complete works. Though scholars disagree about who wrote what exactly, it is generally held that on the basis of style, Shakespeare wrote all of the first act and most of the last, while John Fletcher authored most of the three middle acts.

Based on the texts, both Sykes in Text 1 and the scholars in Text 2 would most likely agree with which statement?

A.John Fletcher’s writing has a unique, readily identifiable style.

B.The women characters in John Fletcher’s plays are similar to the women characters in Philip Massinger’s plays.

C.The Two Noble Kinsmen belongs in one-volume compilations of Shakespeare’s complete plays.

D.Philip Massinger’s style in the first and last acts of The Two Noble Kinsmen is an homage to Shakespeare’s style.

先看text 2，看完之后可以很容易排出B和D選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閠ext 2 全篇都沒有提到the two women characters或Philip Massinger這些人物。再看text1, 全篇都沒有提到one-volume compilations, 因此答案選A。A項(xiàng)在text 1中對(duì)應(yīng)”Fletcher had a distinct style ”,在text 2中對(duì)應(yīng)“it is generally held that on the basis of style, Shakespeare wrote all of the first act and most of the last, while John Fletcher authored most of the three middle acts.” 即根據(jù)style判斷出來John寫了中間幾幕，說明他的風(fēng)格還是很好認(rèn)的。

再來看第二種問法：找不同點(diǎn)。此種問法也是可汗給出的練習(xí)題，它比第一種問法稍難，題干有關(guān)鍵詞”difference”, 選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)目前有兩種：

1，the author of text 1 argues/ suggests/ claims / believes…. than the author of text 2 argues/ suggests/ claims / believes

此題型問兩篇文章的不同點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)以比較的形式( than )出現(xiàn)，比較的必然是某一個(gè)變量?？梢韵瓤?strong>text 1,排除掉完全沒提到的變量。再看text 2進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。

例：

Text 1

Most scientists agree that the moon was likely formed after a collision between Earth and a large planet named Theia. This collision likely created a huge debris field, made up of material from both Earth and Theia. Based on models of this event, scientists believe that the moon was formed from this debris over the course of thousands of years.

Text 2

Researchers from NASA’s Ames Research Center used a computer to model how the moon could have formed. Although simulations of the moon’s formation have been done in the past, the team from NASA ran simulations that were much more detailed. They found that the formation of the moon was likely not a slow process that took many years. Instead, it’s probable that the moon’s formation happened immediately after impact, taking just a few hours.

Which choice best describes a difference in how the author of Text 1 and the author of Text 2 view the evidence for the formation of the moon?

A.The author of Text 1 argues that the formation of the moon occurred much earlier than the author of Text 2 argues.

B.The author of Text 1 suggests there is more evidence confirming the existence of Theia than the author of Text 2suggests.

C.The author of Text 1 claims that the moon’s surface is more similar to Earth’s surface than the author of Text 2 claims.

D.The author of Text 1 believes that the moon formed more slowly than the author of Text 2 believes.

先看text 1, 看完之后看選項(xiàng)中引入的比較變量，A選項(xiàng)在比較“月球形成的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，B選項(xiàng)在比較“證據(jù)的數(shù)量”，C選項(xiàng)在比較“月球表面與地球表面的相似度”，D選項(xiàng)在比較“月球形成時(shí)間的快慢”。其中D選項(xiàng)提到的變量對(duì)應(yīng)text 1的“over the course of thousands of years”, 因此為正確答案。

??同學(xué)們通常都很容易排除掉B和C選項(xiàng)，但在A和D之間會(huì)出錯(cuò)，雖然AD都提到了時(shí)間，但一個(gè)是時(shí)間點(diǎn)，一個(gè)是時(shí)間段，這是兩個(gè)完全不一樣的概念。

2，the author of text argues that…, while /whereas the author of text 2 believes….

此種模式對(duì)text1和2的特征分別概述，可先閱讀其中一篇，看對(duì)應(yīng)部分的內(nèi)容是否正確，有時(shí)候可以排除掉大部分選項(xiàng)。

有時(shí)候正確選項(xiàng)可能沒有那么好識(shí)別，熟悉常見的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征有助于我們快速排除掉錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，

常見的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征：1，引入無關(guān)變量或元素 2，與原文矛盾 3，以偏概全 4，無中生有的因果關(guān)系 5，無中生有的比較，6，搞錯(cuò)對(duì)象

例：

Text 1

Despite its beautiful prose, The Guns of August, Barbara Tuchman’s 1962 analysis of the start of World War I, has certain weaknesses as a work of history. It fails to address events in Eastern Europe just before the outbreak of hostilities, thereby giving the impression that Germany was the war’s principal instigator. Had Tuchman consulted secondary works available to her by scholars such as Luigi Albertini, she would not have neglected the influence of events in Eastern Europe onGermany’s actions.

Text 2

Barbara Tuchman’s The Guns of August is an engrossing if dated introduction to World War I. Tuchman’s analysis of primary documents is laudable, but her main thesis that European powers committed themselves to a catastrophic outcome by refusing to deviate from military plans developed prior to the conflict is implausibly reductive.

Which choice best describes a difference in how the authors of Text 1 and Text 2 view Barbara Tuchman’s The Guns ofAugust?

A.The author of Text 1 argues that Tuchman should have relied more on the work of other historians, while the author of Text 2 implies that Tuchman’s most interesting claims result from her original research.

B.The author of Text 1 believes that the scope of Tuchman’s research led her to an incorrect interpretation, while the author of Text 2 believes that Tuchman’s central argument is overly simplistic.

C.The author of Text 1 asserts that the writing style of The Guns of August makes it worthwhile to read despite any perceived deficiency in Tuchman’s research, while the author of Text 2 focuses exclusively on the weakness ofTuchman’s interpretation of events.

D.The author of Text 1 claims that Tuchman would agree that World War I was largely due to events in Eastern Europe, while the author of Text 2 maintains that Tuchman would say that Eastern European leaders were not committed to military plans in the same way that other leaders were.

這里的幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)不像上一題用than來比較一個(gè)變量，而是各說各的?？梢钥赐昶渲幸黄罂磳?duì)應(yīng)的部分，比如我們可以先看短的text 2，然后看每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的后半句，進(jìn)行一輪排除。

A項(xiàng)后半句錯(cuò)誤，盡管original research和claim在原文都有對(duì)應(yīng)的地方，但二者之前并無因果關(guān)系。屬于常見錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征”無中生有的因果關(guān)系”。

B項(xiàng)后半句正確，對(duì)應(yīng)“her main thesis is implausibly reductive”, main thesis與central argument是同義替換，reductive與simplistic是同義替換。

C項(xiàng)后半句錯(cuò)誤，text 2有提到作品好的一面，對(duì)應(yīng)“analysis of primary documents is laudable”，屬于“以偏概全”。

D項(xiàng)后半句錯(cuò)誤，屬于”無中生有的比較”

因?yàn)橹恍枰磘ext 2 就可以排除掉ACD三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，那么第一篇文章便不再需要看，答案為B。

最后，讓我們來看第三種問法：回應(yīng)題。也是大家在考試中最可能遇到的問法，即一篇文章如何回應(yīng)另一篇的劃線句子，理論，實(shí)驗(yàn)，結(jié)論，假設(shè)，發(fā)現(xiàn)，態(tài)度等。

這種問法的題目?jī)善夹枰?，但?strong>側(cè)重點(diǎn)。首先要認(rèn)真審題，搞清楚題目問的是哪篇文章的看法，對(duì)什么的看法。比如如果問text 2對(duì) text 1結(jié)論的看法，那么就先看text 1的結(jié)論在說什么，雖然整篇都需要看，但可以詳略得當(dāng)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注結(jié)論。搞清楚結(jié)論后，再看text 2的內(nèi)容。

例：

Text 1

Conventional wisdom long held that human social systems evolved in stages, beginning with hunter-gatherers forming small bands of members with roughly equal status. The shift to agriculture about 12,000 years ago sparked population growth that led to the emergence of groups with hierarchical structures: associations of clans first, then chiefdoms, and finally, bureaucratic states.

Text 2

In a 2021 book, anthropologist David Graeber and archaeologist David Wengrow maintain that humans have always been socially flexible, alternately forming systems based on hierarchy and collective ones with decentralized leadership. The authors point to evidence that as far back as 50,000 years ago some hunter-gatherers adjusted their social structures seasonally, at times dispersing in small groups but also assembling into communities that included esteemed individuals.

Based on the texts, how would Graeber and Wengrow (Text 2) most likely respond to the “conventional wisdom”presented in Text 1?

A.By conceding the importance of hierarchical systems but asserting the greater significance of decentralized collective societies

B.By disputing the idea that developments in social structures have followed a linear progression through distinct stages

C.By acknowledging that hierarchical roles likely weren’t a part of social systems before the rise of agriculture

D.By challenging the assumption that groupings of hunter-gatherers were among the earliest forms of social structure

首先審題，明白是問text 2對(duì)”conventional wisdom”的看法，回到text 1, 定位到第一句，有時(shí)候只看這一句就夠了，有時(shí)候又需要更多信息，建議都看，但后面可以略看?？赐曛笞屑?xì)看text 2的看法，發(fā)現(xiàn)text 2 第一句話就直接否認(rèn)了該conventional wisdom。

A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，“greater signification”屬于“無中生有的比較”。

B項(xiàng)正確，“disputing”一詞概括了text 2的態(tài)度，后面的內(nèi)容就是text 1 “conventional wisdom”的具體內(nèi)容。即text 2 駁斥了text 1的主要觀點(diǎn)。

C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，text 2 沒有提到agriculture，屬于“引入無關(guān)元素”。

D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，text 2 的確是在challenge conventional wisdom, 但攻擊點(diǎn)在”evolved in stages”, 而不是”beginning with hunter-gatherers”，屬于“搞錯(cuò)對(duì)象”

以上就是SAT機(jī)考閱讀的解題策略，有需要了解SAT培訓(xùn)，可在線小瀾老師~

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