Among the more plausible suggestions for large brain size are that the complexity of processing high-frequency echolocation information requires the development of large centers in the cerebral hemispheres, and/or that the degree of sociality exhibited by many species, in which individual animals recognize and have particular long- and short-term relationships with a number of other individuals, has favored the evolutionary development of a large, complex brain.
托福閱讀中有很多諸如上文的長(zhǎng)句子,絕對(duì)超過了新手友好的范疇,層層考驗(yàn)著同學(xué)們的閱讀和心理素質(zhì)。選擇硬著頭皮讀下去,又發(fā)現(xiàn)讀不懂,這時(shí)該怎么解決呢?
我們先來說說一般同學(xué)在長(zhǎng)難句閱讀方面的主要問題:
1. 看不懂語法結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. 看懂了語法結(jié)構(gòu),但不理解其意思。
這兩個(gè)問題歸根結(jié)底其實(shí)是“結(jié)構(gòu)+邏輯”的問題。如果語法結(jié)構(gòu)看不懂,說明句子主干未能分析清楚;如果字面意思能看懂但不理解,說明只是簡(jiǎn)單翻譯長(zhǎng)難句,而未能將長(zhǎng)難句內(nèi)化成邏輯鏈理解。
接下來通過對(duì)例句的分析,我們將逐一解決。先來說結(jié)構(gòu)。很多同學(xué)都知道解決長(zhǎng)難句的方法是找到主干,但是道理都懂,就是不會(huì)找,怎么辦呢?
Step 1:刪掉修飾。
如果在剛開始一下子找不到主干的話,可以先刪去修飾成分,包括介詞短語(for, of+n.), 定語從句(in which), 非謂語動(dòng)詞(exhibited by)。在化繁為簡(jiǎn)之后,那么剩下的句子部分就相對(duì)清晰。
Among the more plausible suggestions for large brain size are that the complexity of processing high-frequency echolocation information requires the development of large centers in the cerebral hemispheres, and/or that the degree of sociality exhibited by many species, in which individual animals recognize and have particular long- and short-term relationships with a number of other individuals, has favored the evolutionary development of a large, complex brain.
Step 2:找準(zhǔn)邏輯。
在刪去修飾成分之后,我們可以找到句子的主干。除了句子主干之外,我們還需要注意句子的邏輯,如閱讀中常見邏輯為因果轉(zhuǎn)折條件并列等。
經(jīng)過上述步驟后,上面的句子變成了:
Among the more plausible suggestions are that the complexity requires the development of large centers and/or that the degree of sociality has favored the evolutionary development。
其中and/or是連接兩個(gè)that從句的重要的并列連詞。
Step 3:邏輯推演
如果讀到第二步就結(jié)束了,可能還是無法理解或者無法記住這句話。這就需要我們從簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯一串中文,走向在腦海中形成一條邏輯鏈。
比如上面這個(gè)句子,我們可以在腦海中變成:
Among the more plausible suggestions for large brain size are A and B.
A: the complexity of (processing echolocation information)
B:the degree of sociality
即關(guān)于大的大腦尺寸的更可能的解釋是A和B, A是為了處理回聲定位信息, B是社交性的程度
這樣我們真正理解了這個(gè)句子,并且也不會(huì)讀前忘后、讀后忘前。現(xiàn)在再看相關(guān)的句子簡(jiǎn)化題,是不是覺得可以迎刃而解了呢。
正確答案:D
分析:根據(jù)并列邏輯and/or先排除B和C,A結(jié)構(gòu)和原文非常相似,容易誤選,但注意其是the development..., large centers..., and/or a high degree...這三者的并列,和原文不符,所以選D。
電話:400-963-5018
地址:上海?黃浦區(qū)漢口路266號(hào)申大廈11樓
交通:地鐵2、10號(hào)線南京東路站3號(hào)口
Copyright ?2023上海瀾大教育信息咨詢有限公司. All Rights Reserved 滬ICP備10035962號(hào)-1 滬公網(wǎng)安備31010102007782
Copyright ?2023上海瀾大教育信息咨詢有限公司. All Rights Reserved 滬ICP備10035962號(hào)-1 滬公網(wǎng)安備31010102007782