完蛋了家人們,SAT出題人3月估計(jì)出家了,出題用的文章像是念經(jīng)。這次我們從SAT3月真題的一段天書來看起。
To Margaret the station of King's Cross had always suggested Infinity. Its very situation- withdrawn a little behtnd the facle splendours of St. Pancras- implied a comment on the materialism of life. Those two great arches, colourless, indifferent, shouldering between them an unlovely clock, were fit portals for some eternal adventure, whose issue might be prosperous, but would certainly not be expressed in the ordinary language of prosperity.
讀起來是不是想原地爆炸倒立升天?其實(shí),這是典型的隱喻文學(xué)。 隱喻文學(xué)是指通過具體的人物、情節(jié)、場景等元素來暗示、象征某種抽象的思想、情感、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或人生哲理的小說。它不直接表達(dá)主題,而是借助隱喻手法讓讀者在閱讀過程中去領(lǐng)悟和體會(huì)深層含義。這類文學(xué)中,人物、場景、情節(jié)都不僅限于字面意思,而是有隱喻對(duì)應(yīng)。
接下來,我們從長難句和隱喻對(duì)應(yīng)兩個(gè)角度分析下上面的文字。
1、 長難句結(jié)構(gòu)拆解
原句第二句是比較復(fù)雜的句子,對(duì)于這種句子我們要找主干,提煉出核心意思:
"Those two great arches, colourless, indifferent, shouldering between them an unlovely clock, were fit portals for some eternal adventure, whose issue might be prosperous, but would certainly not be expressed in the ordinary language of prosperity."
主干結(jié)構(gòu):
主語:Those two great arches
謂語:were fit portals
補(bǔ)語:for some eternal adventure
插入修飾成分:
形容詞短語:colourless, indifferent(描述拱門的冷漠特質(zhì))
分詞狀語:shouldering between them an unlovely clock(動(dòng)作修飾,擬人化拱門“扛著”丑陋的時(shí)鐘)
定語從句:
whose issue might be prosperous...(修飾“eternal adventure”,說明冒險(xiǎn)的結(jié)局可能成功,但無法用世俗語言表達(dá))
所以,句子雖然很長,我們卻可以提煉出核心意思為: 兩個(gè)拱門代表了一次冒險(xiǎn),這次冒險(xiǎn)很精彩。
2.隱喻對(duì)應(yīng)分析
很多同學(xué)之所以讀起來暈,是因?yàn)檫@段文字是隱喻性描述,文中的很多場景象征著精神和哲理,需要我們一一對(duì)應(yīng)拆解。這段文字表面上描寫倫敦的國王十字車站(King's Cross),但其內(nèi)核探討了物質(zhì)主義與精神永恒的對(duì)立。
車站對(duì)應(yīng)“無限”:瑪格麗特(Margaret)將車站視為通向“永恒冒險(xiǎn)”的入口("fit portals for some eternal adventure"),暗示車站超越物理空間,成為精神旅程的起點(diǎn)。
St. Pancras對(duì)應(yīng)物質(zhì)主義:車站“退居圣潘克拉斯車站的浮華背后”("withdrawn a little behind the fa?ade splendours of St. Pancras"),通過對(duì)比兩個(gè)車站的“姿態(tài)”,暗諷圣潘克拉斯象征的世俗繁榮(materialism),而King’s cross則代表超脫物質(zhì)的精神性存在。
車站入口對(duì)應(yīng)精神冒險(xiǎn):末句提到冒險(xiǎn)的結(jié)局“無法用世俗語言描述的精彩”("not be expressed in the ordinary language of prosperity"),暗示真正的意義超越物質(zhì)世界的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
總結(jié):我們之后遇到這種隱喻性文字,需要拆解長難句結(jié)構(gòu),提煉核心意思,最后找到隱喻的一一對(duì)應(yīng)。
我們可以再看一段類似的文字,加以理解分析
"The old lighthouse stood sentinel at the cliff's edge, its beam slicing through the fog like a blade of forgotten promises. To the villagers below, it was neither a guardian nor a guide, but a relic of stubbornness—a stone finger pointing accusingly at the heavens. Its light, once a covenant between man and the tempestuous sea, now flickered with the futility of unanswered questions. Yet in its isolation, there pulsed a rhythm older than the tides: the heartbeat of those who dared to build altars to impermanence."
這一段文字也是典型的隱喻性描述,我們來進(jìn)行一番拆解;
燈塔對(duì)應(yīng)守衛(wèi),燈光對(duì)應(yīng)承諾
“The old lighthouse stood sentinel at the cliff's edge, its beam slicing through the fog like a blade of forgotten promises.” 古老的燈塔矗立在懸崖邊緣,宛如一名哨兵。它射出的光束穿透迷霧,如同利刃一般,而這利刃就像被遺忘的承諾。這里將燈塔擬人化為哨兵,突出其堅(jiān)守的姿態(tài),同時(shí)把光束比作被遺忘的承諾,給人一種時(shí)光流逝、往昔不再的感覺。
村民心中:燈塔對(duì)應(yīng)固執(zhí)
“To the villagers below, it was neither a guardian nor a guide, but a relic of stubbornness—a stone finger pointing accusingly at the heavens.” 對(duì)于下面村子里的村民來說,這座燈塔既不是守護(hù)者也不是指引者,而是固執(zhí)的遺跡 —— 就像一根石手指,責(zé)難般地指向天空。這里表明在村民眼中,燈塔已失去了原本守護(hù)和指引的作用,反倒成了一種固執(zhí)的存在,它指向天空仿佛在對(duì)上天進(jìn)行某種控訴,暗示著它曾經(jīng)可能經(jīng)歷過的挫折或不滿。
燈光對(duì)應(yīng)徒勞努力
“Its light, once a covenant between man and the tempestuous sea, now flickered with the futility of unanswered questions.” 它的燈光,曾經(jīng)是人類與洶涌大海之間的契約,如今卻閃爍著,帶著那些無法解答的問題的徒勞感。過去燈塔的燈光象征著人類與大海之間的約定,代表著安全和希望,而現(xiàn)在燈光的閃爍卻體現(xiàn)出那些曾經(jīng)的約定和希望都變得徒勞,留下的只有無數(shù)無法解答的疑問。
燈光節(jié)律對(duì)應(yīng) 古老的努力
“Yet in its isolation, there pulsed a rhythm older than the tides: the heartbeat of those who dared to build altars to impermanence.” 然而,在它的孤寂之中,跳動(dòng)著一種比潮汐更古老的節(jié)奏:那是那些敢于為無常建造祭壇的人的心跳。盡管燈塔被孤立、被遺忘,但其身上依然有一種古老而頑強(qiáng)的生命力,這種生命力來自于那些敢于面對(duì)無常、挑戰(zhàn)命運(yùn)的建造者們,他們的精神就如同燈塔的心跳,永恒不息。
總體而言,這段話體現(xiàn)了人類一個(gè)永恒的思考:我們的努力是有用的嗎?看起來是沒用的,任何努力的結(jié)果都是無常的,財(cái)產(chǎn)會(huì)被揮霍、名望會(huì)甭快、生命會(huì)終結(jié)、宇宙會(huì)毀滅。著名的動(dòng)畫片《進(jìn)擊的巨人》中,人類苦心建造的墻,面對(duì)進(jìn)化的巨人很快就灰飛煙滅。但是人類面對(duì)無常,還是會(huì)孜孜不倦的努力。
總之,遇到隱喻不要慌,通過前后文的線索和提示耐心找到人物、場景、情節(jié)背后的象征意義,天書秒變說明書。
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