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SAT文法考試干貨|時態(tài)考點和非謂語動詞詳細解析

發(fā)布時間：2023/09/20 09:53:44

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今天小瀾老師給大家?guī)淼氖荢AT文法考試的干貨：時態(tài)考點和非謂語動詞。

關(guān)于動詞的題目一直都是SAT文法部分的重點和必考點，目前機考關(guān)于動詞的考法有以下幾大類：

1.謂語與非謂語的區(qū)別( finite verb vs nonfinite verb )

2.主謂一致

3.動詞的時態(tài)

4.非謂語的使用

今天咱們來講講大家很容易困惑的動詞的時態(tài)和非謂語的使用。

英語一共有16種時態(tài)，它們分別是：

Tenses	Example
Simple Present Tense??	She reads book in library.
Present Continuous Tense	I am studying in a high school.
Present Prefect tense??	He has made this colorful chart.
Present Perfect continuous tense	She has been working there since 2017.
Simple Past Tense??	He completed the assignment.
Past Continuous Tense	He was reading the book.
Past Perfect Tense??	I had finished my homework.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense	I had been playing football since morning.
Simple Future tense??	I will go there tomorrow.
Future Continuous Tense	He will be playing football.
Future Perfect Tense	He will have played football.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense	He will have been watching the TV for fifty minutes.
Past Future Tense??	I told that I would leave in one hour.
Past Future Continuous Tense	I told that I would be doing my work all day long.
Past Future Perfect Tense??	She said that she would have done her work.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense	He said that I would have been working here for two hours by that time.

其中畫星號的是SAT?？嫉膸追N時態(tài)。遇到考查動詞的題目同學(xué)們不要慌，先判斷是不是在考查謂語與非謂語的區(qū)別，再考慮主謂是否一致，再考慮時態(tài)等錯誤。

當(dāng)動詞有明確的主語和時態(tài)變化時，它就是謂語動詞。謂語動詞的時態(tài)在SAT中通常有以下幾種考查模式：

1.時態(tài)一致性 consistency

動詞的時態(tài)要與文章背景保持一致，當(dāng)沒有特殊時間提示詞且主謂一致的情況下，可以通過上下文的時態(tài)來判斷。例如：

For patients, this will mean a larger and more diverse set of potential caretakers; and for the nurses themselves, this meant stable employment, relatively high wages, and a rewarding career.

A) NO CHANGE

B) had meant

C) will mean

D) is meaning

答案選C，與上文 will mean 保持一致。

2. date in the past = simple past

題干中有明確的過去的時間點，就要用一般過去時，SAT有時候會用現(xiàn)在完成時來做干擾。

比如：

The State University of New York (SUNY) was subsequently founded in 1948. Massachusett’ s Stonehill College, which has been established in the same year, estimates that veterans comprised up to a third of its first entering class.

A) NO CHANGE

B) will be

C) is

D) was

答案選D, in the same year = in 1948, 有明確的過去的時間點，用一般過去時。

3. would 和 will 的混用

Would和will在SAT中考得非常頻繁，經(jīng)常會錯誤互換。

記住：整個題干都是過去時一般不會出現(xiàn)will，同理，整個題干都是一般現(xiàn)在時一般也不會出現(xiàn)would（有時間提示詞的除外）。

例如：

Cannon’s background in physics, astronomy, and photography provided her with a unique skillset that will serve her well for the rest of her career. After working as a research assistant for a number of astronomers at Wellesley and Radcliffe Colleges, Cannon was hired by Professor Edward Charles Pickering, the director of Harvard College Observatory.

A) NO CHANGE

B) serve

C) would serve

D) has served

答案選C。整個題干用的都是過去時，不用will.

4. 現(xiàn)在完成時 vs 過去完成時

當(dāng)過去分詞(past participle)用在動詞 have 的各種形式(to have, have, has, had )的后面時構(gòu)成完成時。

過去分詞接在has/have后面，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時：Present Perfect = has/have + Past Participle

過去分詞接在had 后面，構(gòu)成過去完成時：Past Perfect = had + Past Participle

現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時也是SAT文法的重要考點，它們的區(qū)別要搞清楚：

現(xiàn)在完成時指的是從過去開始直到現(xiàn)在所發(fā)生的事情。過去完成時指的是從過去開始直到過去的某個時間點所發(fā)生的事情。過去完成時通常用來強調(diào)過去的某件事發(fā)生的時間早于過去的另一件事。

例如：

For years New York City sculptors have not had a suitable place to exhibit their artworks, some of which could not even fit within the walls of existing galleries. As a result, they jumped at the chance to join di Suvero in promoting the venture, the Socrates Sculpture Park, which opened in 1986.

A) NO CHANGE

B) will not have

C) had not had

D) would not have

答案選C。這里要用過去完成時，而不能用現(xiàn)在完成時。因為紐約的雕塑家沒有地方展示他們的雕塑這件事發(fā)生在蘇格拉底雕塑公園建成之前。公園建成于1986年，是過去具體的時間點。所以發(fā)生在它之前的事情，用過去完成時。D選項雖然可以用在過去，但它表示的是過去將來時，用來表示蘇格拉底雕塑公園建成之后發(fā)生的事情，不符合文章背景。

以上是小編整理出來的幾個?？嫉臅r態(tài)類考點，值得注意的是，不是所有考動詞的題目都是考時態(tài)，有時候?qū)W生研究了半天時態(tài)，發(fā)生其實人家考的是主謂一致或者非謂語動詞，接下來我們來講講非謂語動詞的使用。

非謂語動詞不作謂語，沒有時態(tài)的區(qū)別，有三大類：動名詞(gerund), 不定式(infinitive), 分詞(participle)

Gerund 是動名詞，表現(xiàn)為 V+ ing 形式，例如: Being, Running, Having, Flying，gerund在句中作名詞成分，例：Running is fun.

Infinitive指的是動詞的不定式, 表現(xiàn)為 to + 動詞原型，例如：to be, to run, to have, to fly

不定式可以直接作句子的主語： To stroll the beach is my number one goal this weekend.

可以表目的：She left her company to join our organization.

Participle指的是動詞的變形，作修飾成分，有現(xiàn)在分詞 present participle 和過去分詞 past participle之分。

Present participle: V+ing 例如： running, flying

Past participle: V+ ed / en /d / t / n or ne… 例如：asked, eaten, saved, seen, gone

??present participle雖然和gerund都是 V+ing 形式，但是作用不一樣,動名詞是作名詞成分，而現(xiàn)在分詞是作形容詞成分來使用。

The crying baby had a wet diaper.

分詞也可以與其他單詞一起構(gòu)成分詞性短語用來做修飾語，它可以放在句首，句中或句末。

放在句子最前面：Removing his coat, Jack rushed to the river.

?? Participial Phrase放句首的時候，一定要與后面跟著的主句的主語保持一致，否則就是dangling modifier (也是SAT的一個考點，這里不作詳述)

放在句子中間：Children interested in music early develop strong intellectual skills.

放在句子末尾：Jack noticed her cousin walking along the shoreline.

謂語與非謂語的區(qū)別也是SAT的一個考點，我們說任何句子都必須包含至少兩個元素：主語和謂語。缺主語或謂語都不能構(gòu)成句子(祈使句除外)，用非謂語代替謂語是SAT文法經(jīng)常考的一種錯誤。

例如：

George Orwell’s term “doublespeak” referring to the intentional use of language to confuse or to mislead, as when one says “revenue enhancement” instead of “tax increase.”

A) NO CHANGE

B) referring to language which is intentionally

used

C) which refers to the intentionally using

language

D) refers to the intentional use of language

答案選D。該句缺乏謂語，現(xiàn)在分詞referring是非謂語動詞，不能作謂語，排除A和B。C選項是關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的關(guān)系從句，與現(xiàn)在分詞的作用一樣都是用來修飾前面的doublespeak的，同樣導(dǎo)致句子缺謂語。

有時候句子已經(jīng)有了謂語，后面又出現(xiàn)了一個動詞，就不能用謂語的形式，要改成非謂語。

比如：

She left her company joined our organization.

Left在這里是謂語動詞，后面不可以再出現(xiàn)一個謂語動詞，可以改成不定式to join, 表目的。

She left her company to join our organization.

好啦，今天的分享就到這里啦。

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