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發(fā)布時間：2023/11/01 10:46:05
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機考SAT語法中，平行結(jié)構(gòu)的考點依然涉及，但很多學(xué)生卻經(jīng)常忽略或者無法快速識別，以致失分。今天我們就以高頻信號詞“and/or”為例，來梳理下平行結(jié)構(gòu)的考試重點。
考點1《平行結(jié)構(gòu)—形式一致》
比如doing and doing、to do and to do、名詞 and 名詞、形容詞 and 形容詞、介詞短語 and 介詞短語……
E.g.
In truth, the agency (NASA) has a widespread positive effect on society by serving as catalyst for innovation and scientific understanding, to create jobs, and showing humanity its place within the universe.
A. NO CHANGE
B. creating jobs,
C. for job creation,
D. the creation of jobs
解析：此句中and引導(dǎo)“serving……，creating……， showing……” 三者動名詞短語并列，因此選B。
E.g.
Hundreds of large, colorful new murals depicting elements of Mexican American life and history appeared during this period, some in designated cultural locations but many more in abandoned lots, on unused buildings, or painted on infrastructure such as highways and bridges.
A. NO CHANGE
B. they were painted on
C. on
D. DELETE the underlined portion.
解析：此句中or引導(dǎo)“in abandoned lots, on used buildings, on infrastructure” 三者介詞短語并列，因此選C。
E.g.
Ziconotide works by blocking calcium channels, which are located in pain-transmitting nerve cells within the brain, heart, the nervous system, and bones.
A. NO CHANGE
B. brain, heart, nervous, system,
C. brain, heart, nervous, system
D. brain, heart, nervous system,
解析：此句中and引導(dǎo)“brain，heart，nervous system和bones” 四者名詞并列，共用定冠詞the，因此選D。
考點2《平行結(jié)構(gòu)—標(biāo)點的使用》
情況1 ：若and引導(dǎo)的是“2個非完整句”的成分（比如2個單詞、2個短語、2個從句）的并列時，則and前方不加標(biāo)點。
即：
詞 and 詞
短語 and 短語
從句 and 從句
E.g.
With this novel data set, the team was able to determine how current-driven mixing varies across ______ and what impact it has on the distribution of heat and nutrients in the ocean.
A. regions,
B. regions:
C. regions;
D. regions
解析：此句中and引導(dǎo)“how……”從句和“what……”從句并列，所以and前方不加逗號，選D。
情況2: 若and引導(dǎo)的是“2個完整句” 或者 “≥3者”的并列時，則and前需要添加逗號。
即：
SVO，and SVO.
A, B, and C (A/B/C可詞，可短語，可從句，可完整句；但A/B/C中不可以含逗號)
E.g.
In 2017, the couple converted a vacant lot in the city into an ______ in the years that followed they acquired nine additional lots and established more than 35 hives.
A. apiary
B. apiary,
C. apiary and
D. apiary, and
解析：此句中and引導(dǎo)”in 2017, the couple converted……apiary” 完整句1 和 “in the years that followed they acquired……h(huán)ives”完整句2 并列，所以and前方要加逗號，選D。
E.g.
He is known for enforcing a moral code called the Law of Piety, which established the sanctity of animal______ the just treatment of the elderly, and the abolition of the slave trade.
A. life;
B .life:
C. life
D. life,
解析：此句中and引導(dǎo)“the sanctity……，the just treatment……，the abolition……“三個短語并列，所以選D。
情況3: 若and引導(dǎo)的“≥3者”的并列成分較復(fù)雜，如已含逗號，則and前需要添加分號。
即：
A；B；and C（要求A/B/C任一已含逗號）
E.g.
To serve local families during the Great Depression, innovative New York City librarian Pura Belpre offered storytelling in both English and Spanish, an uncommon _____ celebrated el Dal Delos Tres Tres Reys Magos, an important community holiday; and put on puppet shows dramatizing Puerto Rican folktales.
A. practice, at the time
B. practice at the time;
C. practice, at the time,
D. practice at the time,
解析：句中and前有分號，根據(jù)并列成分形式要求一致原則，此句應(yīng)該是“offered……，celebrated……， put on……“三者并列；鑒于第一個并列成分中含有逗號，故用分號分隔，所以選B。
親，你學(xué)會了？如果學(xué)會了，來做個小測試吧……
E.g.1
Specifically, they investigated the combustion of biofuel droplets in microgravity for twice as long as could be accomplished in drop towers and to perform tests with larger droplets.
A. NO CHANGE
B. could investigate
C. were investigating
D. were able to investigate
E.g. 2
We know the resulting plants as mustard greens, radishes, horseradish, and wasabi——foods that are enjoyed for their distinctive and spicy flavors and these chemicals are toxic to insects but not to humans.
A. NO CHANGE
B. their
C. whose
D. which
E.g.3
Joshua Hinson, director of the language revitalization program of the Chickasaw Nation in Oklahoma, helped produce the world’s first indigenous-language instructional app, Chickasaw______ Chickasaw TV, in 2010; and a Rosetta Stone language course in Chiasaw, in 2015.
A. Basic; in 2009, and online television network;
B. Basic; in 2009, and online television network,
C. Basic, in 2009; and online television network,
D. Basic, in 2009, and online television network,
解析1：句中and前無標(biāo)點符號，代表and在引導(dǎo)兩者并列，根據(jù)and后方的to perform形式可知，and前方應(yīng)該也有to do形式存在，因此只能選D。
解析2：句中and前沒有標(biāo)點，根據(jù)and后方有謂語動詞are可以確定，此處考查and引導(dǎo)兩個從句的并列，因此劃線處需要填一個“連詞”來引導(dǎo)從句，排除A/B項。此句中and應(yīng)該是引導(dǎo)“that are……flavors“從句 和“whose chemical……h(huán)umans”從句并列來共同修飾名詞foods，所以選C。
解析3: 句中and前方有分號，根據(jù)and后方“a Rosetta……，in 2015” 短語的形式可知，應(yīng)該在“in 2009”后方添加分號，構(gòu)成三者并列，所以選B。
以上就是SAT語法考點系列之 “平行結(jié)構(gòu)Parallelism”分享，有需要了解SAT培訓(xùn)，可在線咨詢小瀾老師~
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