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SAT高分必讀|尋證題中對于復(fù)雜文本的應(yīng)對方式~

發(fā)布時間：2025/05/27 17:05:25

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在SAT的閱讀部分，有時候文章內(nèi)容很抽象，詞語很陰間，我們感覺看不懂該怎么辦？其實，我們要有明確的目標(biāo)意識。我們在考試中讀文章是為了把題目做對，而不是讀完文章后成為相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的專家，因此不重要的內(nèi)容其實也不需要讀懂。我們可以看一下下面這道題目。

A student in a political science course is writing a paper on Aristotle's The Politics, in which Aristotle ofers his opinion on political instability and gives advice on how constitutions can be preserved Aristotle observes that different forms of government can fall in different ways--for example, oligarchies might grant power to military leaders during wartime who refuse to relinquish that power during peacetime-but some methods of preserving order apply across all forms of government. The student claims that in particular Aristotle asserts that in a healthy state obedience to law must be as close to absolute as possible and that even minor infractions should not be ignored.

Which quotation from a philosopher's analysis of The Politics would best support the student's claim?

"When Aristotle considers the health of constitutions, he states that Constitutions are preserved when their destroyers are at a distance, and sometimes also because they are near, for the fear of them makes the government keep in hand the constitution.' He holds that rulers who wish to see constitutions preserved must continually remind the populace of the dangers that would result from a constitutional collapse."
"When constructing his argument regarding the characteristics of a well- functioning goverqment, Aristotle asserts that transgression creeps in unperceived and at last ruins the state,' illustrating this idea with a comparison to frequent small expenditures slowly and almost imperceptibly chipping away at a fortune until it is ultimately depleted."
"When contrasting different forms of government, Aristotle holds that ‘oligarchies may last, not from any inherent stability in such forms of government, but because the rulers are on good terms both with the unenfranchised and with the governing classes.' That is, oligarchic leaders who wish to hold on to power will introduce members of disenfranchised classes into government in a participatory role."
"When Aristotle writes on the necessity of avoiding corruption in government, he proposes that 'every state should be so administered and so regulated by law that its magistrates cannot possibly make money.' In particular, he thinks oligarchies are particularly susceptible to corruption through bribery."

文章開頭講到了亞里士多德的政治學(xué)內(nèi)容，很多同學(xué)已經(jīng)覺得頭皮發(fā)麻了，政治這種鬼東西離我遠點！后面又出現(xiàn)一堆奇奇怪怪的術(shù)語，什么oligarchy，莫說不能查字典，就算能查，字典釋義是 “寡頭政治”，什么鬼？難道是寡婦的人頭在搞政治？刷點SAT題咋還玩恐怖呢？

其實，我們完全可以根據(jù)題型的不同策略，繞開一些不重要的內(nèi)容。這道題通過審題明確是尋證題，而尋證題的答案都是針對文章結(jié)論的進行加強或削弱，因此可以說結(jié)論句才是唯一重要的。當(dāng)然，有些結(jié)論必須結(jié)合前文才能理解，但至少我們可以先重點關(guān)注結(jié)論句。這道題中，結(jié)論句是最后一句，仔細一看，不就是講的是“必須遵紀守法，對違法零容忍”嘛！前文抽象了半天，到結(jié)論句直接眉清目秀了！所以對于這道題我們直接看選項，選擇強調(diào)必須守法的那一個，也就是B。

我們再看一道題目

Neurobiologists Laura Cuaya, Raúl Hernández-Pérez, and colleagues investigated the language detection abilities of eighteen dogs of various ages. The researchers monitored the brain activity of Odín (a 54-month-old border collie), Bingo (a 37-month-old mixed breed), and other dogs while the animals listened to threc recordings: onc of The Little Prince being read in Spanish, the second in Hungarian, and a third made up of short, randomly selected fragments of the first two, scrambled so that they didn't resemble human speech. Each of the dogs was familiar with either Spanish or Hungarian, but not both. The team concluded that the younger the dog. the worse it may be at differentiating between familiar and unfamiliar languages.

Which finding from the study, if true, would most directly support the team's conclusion?

Although the dogs' general hearing sensitivity declined with age, dogs of all ages showed more brain activity in response to hearing the language they were accustomed to than in response to hearing the other language.
As the age of the dog scanned decreased, so did the amount of brain activity in response to hearing the language the dog was accustomed to or the other language, but not in response to hearing the scrambled recording.
Dogs showed a different pattern of brain activity when hearing the language they were accustomed to than when hearing the other language, and the difference in brain activity decreased as the age of the dog scanned decreased.
The similarity between the pattern of brain activity a dog showed in response to hearing the scrambled recording and the pattern it showed in response to hearing the language it was not accustomed to was lowest among younger dogs.

文章開頭對于科學(xué)試驗的背景和過程做了繁瑣的描述，如果看著頭大，大可以先看結(jié)論句。其實最后一句也就是結(jié)論句說的無非是狗越年輕越能分辨熟悉的語言和不熟的語言，沒什么高深的內(nèi)容。接來下來看哪個選項討論的是年齡和分辨熟悉與不熟悉語言的關(guān)系就可以了，輕松選出C來。

總結(jié)：尋證題作為一種特殊題型，其實結(jié)論句是最核心的。如果我們在某些句子和細節(jié)上讀起來找不到方向，不妨先把注意力放在結(jié)論句上，可能會有柳暗花明之感。

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